Definition of profit:
Profit is a valuable return or gain. It is the excess of returns over expenditure in a transaction or series of transactions especially, the excess of the selling price of goods over their cost. It can also be called a net income usually for a given period of time. Any profits earned in a business funnel back to business owners, who choose to either pocket the cash or reinvest it back into the business.
External costs An external cost occurs when producing or consuming a good or service imposes a cost (negative effect) upon a third party. If there are external costs in consuming a good (negative externalities), the social costs will be greater than the private cost. The existence of external costs can lead to market failure. This is because the free market generally ignores the existence of external costs. External marginal cost (XMC) the cost to a third party from the consumption/production of one extra unit. Example of External Cost Driving a car imposes a private cost on the driver (cost of petrol, tax and buying car). However, driving a car creates costs to other people in society. These can include: Greater congestion and slower journey times for other drivers. Cause of death for pedestrians, cyclists and other road users. Pollution, health-related problems. Noise pollution. Example of Production External Cost Producing electricity from burning coal leads to air ...
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