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SOURCES OF FINANCE

Difference Between Internal and External Sources of Finance

Internal Sources of Finance Vs External Sources of Finance

Comparison Chart

BASIS FOR COMPARISONINTERNAL SOURCES OF FINANCEEXTERNAL SOURCES OF FINANCE
MeaningInternal sources of finance alludes to the sources of business finance that are generated within the business, from the existing assets or activities.External sources of finance implies the arrangement of capital or funds from sources outside the business.
IncludesSale of Stock, Sale of Fixed Assets, Retained Earnings and Debt CollectionFinancial Institutions, Loan from banks, Preference Shares, Debenture, Public Deposits, Lease financing, Commercial paper, Trade Credit, Factoring.
CostLowHigh
CollateralNot requiredSometimes required.
Amount raisedComparatively lessHuge

Internal Sources of Finance

In business, internal sources of finance delineate the funds raised from existing assets and day to day operations of the concern. It aims at increasing the cash generated from regular business activities. For this purpose, evaluation and control of costs are made, along with reviewing the budget. Moreover, the credit terms with customers are verified, so as to effectively manage the collection of receivables.

Internal sources of finance include selling of surplus inventories, ploughing back of profit, accelerating collection of receivables, and so on.

External Sources of Finance

External sources of finance refer to the cash flows generated from outside sources of the organization, whether from private means or from the financial market. In external financing, the funds are arranged from the sources outside the business. There are two types of external sources of finance, i.e. long term source of finance and short term sources of finance. Further on the basis of nature, they can be classified as:

external sources of finance

  • Debt financing: The source of finance wherein fixed payment has to be made to the lenders is debt financing. It includes:
    • Bank loans
    • Corporate Bonds
    • Leasing
    • Commercial Paper
    • Trade Credit
    • Debentures
  • Equity Financing: Equity is the major source of finance for most of the companies which indicate the share in the ownership of the firm and the interest of the shareholders. The firms raise capital by selling its shares to the investors. It includes:
    • Ordinary shares
    • Preference shares

Key Differences Between Internal and External Sources of Finance

The points given below explain the difference between internal and external sources of finance:

  1. When the cash flows are generated from sources inside the organization, it is known as internal sources of finance. On the other hand, when the funds are raised from the sources external to the organization, whether from private sources or from the financial market, it is known as external sources of finance.
  2. Internal sources of finance include Sale of Stock, Sale of Fixed Assets, Retained Earnings and Debt Collection. In contrast, external sources of finance include Financial Institutions, Loan from banks, Preference Shares, Debenture, Public Deposits, Lease financing, Commercial paper, Trade Credit, Factoring, etc.
  3. While internal sources of finance are economical, external sources of finance are expensive.
  4. Internal sources of finance do not require collateral, for raising funds. Conversely, assets are sometimes mortgaged as security, so as to raise funds from external sources.
  5. Amount raised from internal sources is less and they can be put to a limited number of uses. On the contrary, large amounts can be raised from external sources, which have various uses.

There are a number of factors which influence the owner’s decision which determines the source of fund to be chosen. Such factors include a time period for which funds are required, the purpose of raising finance, and the total funds required by the firm.

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